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Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill

A Bill to allow adults who are terminally ill, subject to safeguards and protections, to request and be provided with assistance to end their own life; and for connected purposes.

Originating House

House of Commons

Sponsor

Kim LeadbeaterLabour (Co-op)

Parliament last updated

14 May 2026

In Plain English

AI-generated

May contain errors — check source documents for definitive information.

The Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill would let adults who are terminally ill request and receive assistance to end their own life, but only under a tightly controlled system of safeguards. It would set up a regulated process with medical and multidisciplinary assessments, independent advocacy for vulnerable people, and new governance bodies to oversee substance supply, decision‑making, and ongoing review. The bill is in the Lords at the Committee stage, and MPs in the Commons have debated a wide range of amendments aimed at strengthening safeguards and governance, with the government saying it is neutral on the policy but willing to work with stakeholders if it becomes law.

Key Points

  • Creates a regulated, multi‑stage process for terminally ill adults to access end‑of‑life assistance, including a clear definition of terminal illness and prognosis, and holistic medical assessments.
  • Introduces strong safeguarding mechanisms: independent advocates for vulnerable people, capacity and consent protections, multi‑professional assessments, and independent review panels to oversee decisions; plus rules to protect groups at risk of coercion.
  • Establishes new governance and accountability structures (for example, an Assisted Dying Help Service, a Disability Advisory Board, and an independent monitor) and requires extensive reporting, audits, and data collection.
  • Regulates the supply and use of life‑ending substances: case‑by‑case prescribing, involvement of the MHRA (and Home Office where relevant), possible licensing of providers, and clear offences and defences within the statute; advertising rules are tightened in accompanying amendments.
  • Addresses how care is delivered and funded (including NHS continuing healthcare, independent psychiatrists for care homes, and cross‑border considerations); bans or restrictions on where the procedure can take place (e.g., in prisons) and introduces residency and eligibility safeguards; potential extensions to devolved administrations are debated.
  • Contains debates over age thresholds (an attempted amendment to raise the minimum age to 25 was withdrawn), plus questions about eligibility, capacity, and coercion that show the policy is being actively debated.
  • Anticipates ongoing review and possible expiry/renewal provisions for the Act, with governance and data systems designed to support ongoing scrutiny.

Progress

The bill started in the Commons and passed its third reading there in 2025. It has since moved to the Lords, where Committee stage is underway and a wide package of Lords amendments is being considered to tighten safeguards, governance, and delivery of end‑of‑life assistance.

Voting

In the Commons, votes showed cross‑party support for moving the bill forward, with several safeguards amendments passing and others defeated. The party lines were not uniform, reflecting broad but divided debate over details such as age thresholds, independent advocacy, and the regulatory framework. Notable passed votes include amendments that strengthened safeguards and new governance provisions, while some other amendments narrowly failed.

Who is affected?

Adults who are terminally ill and seeking end‑of‑life assistanceFamily members and carers of those eligible for assistancePeople who may be vulnerable (including those with learning disabilities, mental disorders, autism, or communication difficulties) who would be supported by independent advocatesHealthcare and palliative care professionals, including doctors, nurses, and multi‑disciplinary teamsHospitals, NHS bodies, and private providers involved in end‑of‑life careCare home residents, and independent psychiatrists assessing capacity in care settingsPrisoners and prison authorities (with protections and potential reporting requirements for any cases in custody)People living in England and Wales (with discussions about cross‑border access and potential devolution to Scotland and Wales)Disabled people and groups representing vulnerable populations (via new Disability Advisory Board and advocacy provisions)Regulators and Government bodies (MHRA, Home Office in relevant cases, Ofcom provisions if applicable) and other public authorities involved in safeguarding and governance

Generated 21 February 2026

Bill Stages

1st readingCommons

16 Oct 2024

2nd readingCommons

29 Nov 2024

Power of public bill committee to send for persons, papers and recordsCommons

29 Nov 2024

Money resolutionCommons

22 Jan 2025

Committee stageCommons

21 Jan 2025, 28 Jan 2025, 29 Jan 2025, 30 Jan 2025, 11 Feb 2025, 12 Feb 2025, 25 Feb 2025, 26 Feb 2025, 4 Mar 2025, 5 Mar 2025, 11 Mar 2025, 12 Mar 2025, 18 Mar 2025, 19 Mar 2025, 25 Mar 2025

Report stageCommons

16 May 2025, 13 Jun 2025, 20 Jun 2025

3rd readingCommons

20 Jun 2025

1st readingLords

23 Jun 2025

2nd readingLords

12 Sept 2025, 19 Sept 2025

Committee stageLords

14 Nov 2025, 21 Nov 2025, 5 Dec 2025, 12 Dec 2025, 9 Jan 2026, 16 Jan 2026, 23 Jan 2026, 30 Jan 2026, 6 Feb 2026, 27 Feb 2026, 13 Mar 2026, 20 Mar 2026, 27 Mar 2026, 24 Apr 2026

Report stageLords
3rd readingLords
Royal Assent

Amendments (1384)

1052 no decision220 not moved70 pending39 withdrawn3 agreed

Showing agreed, defeated, and withdrawn amendments.

How Parties Are Voting

Based on 11 recorded votes • Sorted by % Aye

Your PartyGenerally For
2 / 0
Restore BritainGenerally For
2 / 0
Democratic Unionist PartyGenerally For
20 / 5
Ulster Unionist PartyGenerally For
4 / 1
Traditional Unionist VoiceGenerally For
4 / 1
IndependentGenerally For
37 / 15
Reform UKGenerally For
24 / 10
ConservativeGenerally For
272 / 118
Labour (Co-op)Generally Against
703 / 840
Plaid CymruMixed
6 / 10
Liberal DemocratGenerally Against
116 / 195
Green PartyGenerally Against
4 / 16
Social Democratic & Labour PartyMixed
0 / 0
Scottish National PartyMixed
0 / 0
Sinn FéinMixed
0 / 0
SpeakerMixed
0 / 0
AllianceMixed
0 / 0

Updates & Documents

News (1)

Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill

24 Apr 2026

The 2024-26 session of Parliament has prorogued and this bill will make no further progress.  

Documents (672)

Letter from Baroness Merron to Baroness Coffey regarding the General Medical Council's consultation on updates to its personal beliefs and medical practice, Government advice regarding Sponsor amendment 888 and why a Section 104 order was not used.
Will write lettersUnassigned

Baroness Merron states the Government is neutral on the Private Members’ Bill and did not participate in drafting the GMC’s draft guidance, which is independent of government. The GMC briefing notes that assisted dying is not being considered in the review and would be updated if the law changes, with service delivery plans to follow Royal Assent if the Bill passes. Amendment 888 would extend Clause 31 to Scotland as well as England and Wales, allowing a Scottish worker to bring a detriment claim for decisions about providing assistance; policy is for the Sponsors to determine, with further details available from them.

23 Apr 2026
HL Bill 112-XIV Fourteenth marshalled for Committee
Amendment PaperLords

The amendments propose a comprehensive, tightly regulated framework for terminally ill adults seeking assisted dying, including a multi‑stage, panel‑based assessment process and eligibility decision overseen by coordinating and independent doctors. They introduce strong safeguarding measures—independent advocates for disabled people, coercion checks, capacity assessments, and an independent commissioner with reporting duties—plus extensive governance and review provisions. The package also covers the regulation and licensing of the lethal substances, the organisation of services (NHS and private providers), patient support, and potential expiry or renewal of the Act, with considerations for England, Wales and devolved arrangements.

22 Apr 2026
Supplementary Delegated Powers Memorandum: Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill (21 April 2026)
Delegated Powers MemorandumLords

The supplementary memorandum notes an amendment to clause 31 that would require training linked to the delegated powers in clauses 8(7), 11(9) and 26(2)(b) to be provided on an opt-in basis, with no duty on registered medical practitioners to opt in or to have the training. It also clarifies that this amendment does not change the regulation-making powers and reflects the sponsor's policy choice; it does not affect parliamentary procedure.

22 Apr 2026
HL Bill 112-XIII(c) Amendment for Committee (Supplementary to the Thirteenth Marshalled List)
Amendment PaperLords

Baroness Lawlor’s amendment to Clause 8 would require an independent consultant psychiatrist, for residents of care or nursing homes, to certify before a first declaration can be made that the person has capacity and is not suffering from a mental disorder likely to impair judgement or understanding the consequences of taking the approved life-ending substance. The psychiatrist must be independent of the nursing home.

20 Apr 2026
HL Bill 112-XIII(b) Amendment for Committee (Supplementary to the Thirteenth Marshalled List)
Amendment PaperLords

An Lords amendment to Clause 8 would add a new condition: a person may only make a first declaration for end-of-life assistance after being approved for fast-track NHS continuing healthcare funding by the relevant authority. The accompanying explanatory note says the amendment seeks evidence that the person’s condition is deteriorating and entering the terminal phase before assisted dying can proceed.

15 Apr 2026
52nd Report of the Delegated Powers and Regulatory Reform Committee
Select Committee reportLords
14 Apr 2026
HL Bill 112-XIII(a) Amendments for Committee (Supplementary to the Thirteenth Marshalled List)
Amendment PaperLords

These amendments by the Lord Bishop of Gloucester would: (1) bar any actions authorised by the Bill from being carried out in prisons; (2) ensure that if assisted deaths occur in prison they remain subject to coronial investigations; and (3) require the annual report to record how many prisoner applicants sought assistance, how many progressed to the panel and were approved, and how many resulted in the person being assisted to die in prison.

26 Mar 2026
HL Bill 112-XIII Thirteenth marshalled list for Committee
Amendment PaperLords

This Lords’ publication is the Thirteenth Marshalled List of amendments to the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, published on 25 March 2026, outlining dozens of proposed changes to the Bill. The amendments seek to strengthen safeguards (capacity, coercion, safeguarding), create new oversight bodies (neutral advisers, an Assisted Dying Review Panel, navigators), and expand governance and transparency (registers, reporting, audits). They also proposal regulatory frameworks for the lethal substance, service delivery (including private providers and NHS considerations), and the governance of data, timings, and potential expiry or renewal of the Act.

25 Mar 2026
HL Bill 112-XII(a) Amendments for Committee (Supplementary to the Twelfth Marshalled List)
Amendment PaperLords

Baroness Lawlor has tabled amendments to the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill (Clauses 7 and 10) to tighten how the record of the initial discussion and first assessment is created and sent. The changes require online records and submission to the Commissioner within a week (with some deadlines specified as by midnight the same day or the same week). The amendments also require the Commissioner to be included in the record.

24 Mar 2026
HL Bill 112-XII Twelfth marshalled list for Committee
Amendment PaperLords

This Lords publication is the Twelfth Marshalled List of amendments for the Committee stage of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, outlining a large number of proposed changes. The amendments seek to overhaul governance and safeguards around assisted dying—introducing new bodies (an independent monitor, Assisted Dying Review Panels, independent advocates), expanding multidisciplinary assessments and palliative care referrals, tightening eligibility (capacity, coercion, residency), and regulating who can participate (opt-in doctors, licensing of substances and providers) with extensive reporting, both for England and Wales and for devolved matters.

18 Mar 2026

Parliamentary Votes (11)